The simulation results demonstrated that the micro-crack onset due to the impact wave in the ceramic crown first began from the crown incisal edge and then extended to the margin due to increased stress concentration near the contact region. We took advantage of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) such that the burden of defining a primary crack growth direction was suppressed. The simulation was performed for an impactor with an initial velocity of 25 m/s in the implant-abutment axis direction. In the present work, glass ceramic was considered the crown material on a titanium abutment. The crown was approximated with 39514 spherical particles to reach a reasonable convergence in the results. In this work, the dental implant crown and abutment were modeled in CATIA V5R19 software using a CT-scan technique based on the human first molar. However, XFEM cannot correctly predict a primary crack growth direction under dynamic loading on the implant crown. Crack propagation has been a typical concern in fullceramic crowns, for which many successful numerical simulations have been carried out using the extended finite element method (XFEM). Despite the many advantages of these materials, they still have limitations such as fragility and surface machining and ease of repairing. Glass ceramic materials have multiple applications in various prosthetic fields.
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